Analyze the role of carbon dioxide and hydrogen ion buffers in maintaining the normal pH of body fluids.
Explain fluid compartments of the body, the mechanisms that control fluid intake and output, the movement of fluids among the compartments, and the concentration of electrolytes within each compartment.
Analyze the role of carbon dioxide and hydrogen ion buffers in maintaining the normal pH of body fluids.
Identify the concentration and regulation of the principal ions.
Investigate the effects and treatments of acid-base imbalances in the body.