Main Post Discussion 1 The Role Genetics Plays in the Disease Genetics plays a c

Main Post Discussion 1
The Role Genetics Plays in the Disease
Genetics plays a critical role in the disease process. As it is hereditary, the IgE gene cluster on chromosome 14 may pass onto the offspring. Specific to the allergic disease in the scenario, according to a Genome-Wide Association case-controlled study, 76 adult patients were observed from 17 different allergist offices. Of the 23 cases and 39 controls, the significant factor in acquiring the allergic disease to beta-lactams was having a first-degree relative with the allergy associated with penicillin exposure. (Apter et al., 2008).
Presenting Specific Symptoms
The boy presented with three vital elements of an anaphylactic reaction, the swelling of the lips and tongue and stridor causing difficulty breathing due to the narrowing of the airways. (Vaillant et al., 1970)
Physiologic Response to Stimulus
An immediate hypersensitivity response happened due to the exposure to the beta-lactam antibiotic penicillin. In addition, the body had an IgE-mediated response to the allergen penicillin. The antibody immunoglobulin E within the tissues and mucous membranes stimulated mast cells to secrete an immense amount of histamine into the system, which caused inflammation of the tongue and lips (angioedema), and bronchoconstriction, causing stridor, narrowing the airways, making it difficult to breathe. (Blumenthal et al., 2019).
Cells involved in the Inflammatory Process
The primary cells involved in the inflammatory response are the mast cells and basophils with IgE receptors. The cells reside in the mucous membranes and the epithelial tissue of the airways. (Vaillant et al., 1970)
How Another Characteristic Would Change the Response
If the boy had grown up in a household exposed to second-hand smoke and had developed asthma, he would have had more difficulty with shortness of breath and bronchospasms. The reaction he experienced could have caused him to code or, even worse, caused his death.
Response #1 to the above post using two references showing whether or not you agree with the post and why.
The 16 year old patient in this week’s case study presented with swelling of the tongue and lips, and difficulty breathing after only taking one of the antibiotics given. In addition to the reaction, the patient was already experiencing swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, and enlarged tonsils which could possibly contribute to airway obstruction.
The physiological response the patient was experiencing was a hypersensitivity to the medication Amoxicillin. The article, Immediate Hypersensitivity Reactions (2019), explains hypersensitivity is your immune system responding to an antigen or allergen. In this case, the allergen was the medication Amoxicillin. All the symptoms the patient experienced are obstacles preventing the patient from having adequate breaths resulting in respiratory failure. Respiratory failure is an extreme response and is known as anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis is recognized for escalating quickly and could result in death if not treated promptly. This is the most critical of all allergic reactions as it extends to respiratory failure and/or death. (Justiz-Vaillant & Zito, 2019).
The cells in this process involved are mast cells. Mast cells distribute large quantities of histamine. Justiz-Vaillant et al (2019) describes the immunoglobulin E or IgE is produced after the allergic reaction occurs and attaches itself to mast cells and mediators that contribute to the swelling and bronchospasms.
The allergic reaction the patient experienced could have a genetic predisposition. It is very common for people to have allergic reactions to penicillin, which Amoxicillin is in the penicillin class. If the patient’s parents have an allergy to Penicillin, could it be possible the child inherited this trait? Transmissions of diseases are common from one generation to the other and are called genetics. Genetics are equal among males and females for autosomal recessive diseases; however, males cannot pass any x-linked genes their male offspring (McCance & Huether, 2019). X-linked recessive genes are more common in males than in females. The reason is males only require one copy of the gene to have the disease. Testing of genes are used widely more often to guide in medication choices and the amount given (McCance et al, 2019, p).
Justiz-Vaillant, A. A., & Zito, P. M. (2019). Immediate hypersensitivity reactions Download Immediate hypersensitivity reactions. In StatPearls. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513315/Links to an external site.
McCance, K. L. & Huether, S. E (2019). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences (US). https://mbsdirect.vitalsource.com/books/9780323583473Links to an external site.The 16 year old patient in this week’s case study presented with swelling of the tongue and lips, and difficulty breathing after only taking one of the antibiotics given. In addition to the reaction, the patient was already experiencing swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, and enlarged tonsils which could possibly contribute to airway obstruction.
The physiological response the patient was experiencing was a hypersensitivity to the medication Amoxicillin. The article, Immediate Hypersensitivity Reactions (2019), explains hypersensitivity is your immune system responding to an antigen or allergen. In this case, the allergen was the medication Amoxicillin. All the symptoms the patient experienced are obstacles preventing the patient from having adequate breaths resulting in respiratory failure. Respiratory failure is an extreme response and is known as anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis is recognized for escalating quickly and could result in death if not treated promptly. This is the most critical of all allergic reactions as it extends to respiratory failure and/or death. (Justiz-Vaillant & Zito, 2019).
The cells in this process involved are mast cells. Mast cells distribute large quantities of histamine. Justiz-Vaillant et al (2019) describes the immunoglobulin E or IgE is produced after the allergic reaction occurs and attaches itself to mast cells and mediators that contribute to the swelling and bronchospasms.
The allergic reaction the patient experienced could have a genetic predisposition. It is very common for people to have allergic reactions to penicillin, which Amoxicillin is in the penicillin class. If the patient’s parents have an allergy to Penicillin, could it be possible the child inherited this trait? Transmissions of diseases are common from one generation to the other and are called genetics. Genetics are equal among males and females for autosomal recessive diseases; however, males cannot pass any x-linked genes their male offspring (McCance & Huether, 2019). X-linked recessive genes are more common in males than in females. The reason is males only require one copy of the gene to have the disease. Testing of genes are used widely more often to guide in medication choices and the amount given (McCance et al, 2019, p).
Justiz-Vaillant, A. A., & Zito, P. M. (2019). Immediate hypersensitivity reactions Download Immediate hypersensitivity reactions. In StatPearls. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513315/Links to an external site.
McCance, K. L. & Huether, S. E (2019). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences (US). https://mbsdirect.vitalsource.com/books/9780323583473Links to an external site.
Response #2 to the above post with two references regarding whether or not you agree with the post and why.
Respond to at least two of your colleagues on 2 different days and respectfully agree or disagree with your colleague’s assessment and explain your reasoning. In your explanation, include why their explanations make physiological sense or why they do not.Respond to at least two of your colleagues on 2 different days and respectfully agree or disagree with your colleague’s assessment and explain your reasoning. In your explanation, include why their explanations make physiological sense or why they do not.
This instructor breaks down every reference and whether or not the reference used in its context is misleading to the reader and follows APA 7th edition guidelines and rejects pieces of the work if not met. He cross checks each and every reference.
References for this week’s reading:
McCance, K. L. & Huether, S. E. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby/Elsevier.
Chapter 1: Cellular Biology; Summary Review
Chapter 2: Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents (pp. 46-61; begin again with Manifestations of Cellular Injury pp. 83-97); Summary Review
Chapter 3: The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids, and Bases
Chapter 4: Genes and Genetic Diseases (stop at Elements of formal genetics); Summary Review
Chapter 5: Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases (stop at Genetics of common diseases); Summary Review
Justiz-Vaillant, A. A., & Zito, P. M. (2019). Immediate hypersensitivity reactions Download Immediate hypersensitivity reactions. In StatPearls. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513315/
Credit Line: Immediate HMcCance, K. L. & Huether, S. E. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby/Elsevier.
Chapter 1: Cellular Biology; Summary Review
Chapter 2: Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents (pp. 46-61; begin again with Manifestations of Cellular Injury pp. 83-97); Summary Review
Chapter 3: The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids, and Bases
Chapter 4: Genes and Genetic Diseases (stop at Elements of formal genetics); Summary Review
Chapter 5: Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases (stop at Genetics of common diseases); Summary Review
Justiz-Vaillant, A. A., & Zito, P. M. (2019). Immediate hypersensitivity reactions Download Immediate hypersensitivity reactions. In StatPearls. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513315/
Credit Line: Immediate H
References
Apter, A. J., Schelleman, H., Walker, A., Addya, K., & Rebbeck, T. (2008). Clinical and genetic risk factors of self-reported penicillin allergy. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 122(1), 152–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2008.03.037
Blumenthal, K. G., Peter, J. G., Trubiano, J. A., & Phillips, E. J. (2019). Antibiotic allergy. The Lancet, 393(10167), 183–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32218-9
Vaillant, A., Zito, P., Williams, L., & Bader, B. (1970, January 1). Immediate hypersensitivity reactions. Semantic Scholar. Retrieved February 27, 2023, from https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Immediate-Hypersensitivity-Reactions-Vaillant-Zito/e5cb9c4b2f6972c404ba3dfd551299fb5ae69d87
Main Post Discussion 1
The Role Genetics Plays in the Disease
Genetics plays a critical role in the disease process. As it is hereditary, the IgE gene cluster on chromosome 14 may pass onto the offspring. Specific to the allergic disease in the scenario, according to a Genome-Wide Association case-controlled study, 76 adult patients were observed from 17 different allergist offices. Of the 23 cases and 39 controls, the significant factor in acquiring the allergic disease to beta-lactams was having a first-degree relative with the allergy associated with penicillin exposure. (Apter et al., 2008).
Presenting Specific Symptoms
The boy presented with three vital elements of an anaphylactic reaction, the swelling of the lips and tongue and stridor causing difficulty breathing due to the narrowing of the airways. (Vaillant et al., 1970)
Physiologic Response to Stimulus
An immediate hypersensitivity response happened due to the exposure to the beta-lactam antibiotic penicillin. In addition, the body had an IgE-mediated response to the allergen penicillin. The antibody immunoglobulin E within the tissues and mucous membranes stimulated mast cells to secrete an immense amount of histamine into the system, which caused inflammation of the tongue and lips (angioedema), and bronchoconstriction, causing stridor, narrowing the airways, making it difficult to breathe. (Blumenthal et al., 2019).
Cells involved in the Inflammatory Process
The primary cells involved in the inflammatory response are the mast cells and basophils with IgE receptors. The cells reside in the mucous membranes and the epithelial tissue of the airways. (Vaillant et al., 1970)
How Another Characteristic Would Change the Response
If the boy had grown up in a household exposed to second-hand smoke and had developed asthma, he would have had more difficulty with shortness of breath and bronchospasms. The reaction he experienced could have caused him to code or, even worse, caused his death.
References
Apter, A. J., Schelleman, H., Walker, A., Addya, K., & Rebbeck, T. (2008). Clinical and genetic risk factors of self-reported penicillin allergy. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 122(1), 152–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2008.03.037
Blumenthal, K. G., Peter, J. G., Trubiano, J. A., & Phillips, E. J. (2019). Antibiotic allergy. The Lancet, 393(10167), 183–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32218-9
Vaillant, A., Zito, P., Williams, L., & Bader, B. (1970, January 1). Immediate hypersensitivity reactions. Semantic Scholar. Retrieved February 27, 2023, from https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Immediate-Hypersensitivity-Reactions-Vaillant-Zito/e5cb9c4b2f6972c404ba3dfd551299fb5ae69d87